![]() RSSI measurement estimations of Bluetooth systems can be improved either by improving the existing methodologies used to implement them or by using fusion techniques that employ Kalman filters to combine more than one RSSI method to improve the results significantly. RSSI measurement estimations depend heavily on the environmental interference. Received signal strength indicator (RSSI) to measure RSS, has been found to be more reliable. ![]() Time difference of arrival (TDOA), time of arrival (TOA) and received signal strength (RSS) have been widely used for the positioning but narrow band signals such as Bluetooth cannot efficiently utilize TDOA or TOA. Many techniques have been discussed in the literature with respect to location-based services and techniques used for the positioning of devices. Localization for visually impaired people in dynamically changing environments with unexpected hazards and obstacles is a current need. Received: MaAccepted: Published: May 6, 2019 ![]() This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). 1National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, PakistanĢDepartment of Electronic and Computer Engineering Brunel University, West London, UKģLaboratoire de Conception Fabrication Commande, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Arts et Métiers, Metz, FranceĬopyright © 2019 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
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